Improvement in coal-oil burners



w. FULTON( Lamp Burner.`

` Patented May 27, 1862.

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wrLLrAM FULTON, OE OEANBEERY, NEW JERSEY.

y l'NlPROVE'NIENT IN COAL-OIL BURNERS.

Speciiication forming part of Letters Patent No. 35,370, dated May 27, 1862.

To all whom, it may concerm Beit known that I, WILLIAM FULTON, of

Cranberry, in the county of Middlesex and State 0f NewJersey, have madeanew Improvement on Vmy Paragon Ooal-Oil-Lamp Burner,

patented August 3., 1858, and reissued September 25, 1860, so that it will burn either with or without a chimney; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full-and exact description thereof, reference being had t0 the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, making a part of this specication, in which- Figure l is an external view of my invention applied to a lamp, with the' glass chimney attached and a medium-sized liame turned on. Fig. 2 is also an external view with the glass chimney off and a mediumsized llame turned on. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of my invention with the cone oft', so as to expose the impinger which keeps the wick-tube from heating. Fig. 4 is a detached view of the wick-tube with two impingers applied to it. Fig. 5 is a view of the cone. Fig. 6 is also a view of the cone, showing the Width and depth of the slot and the construction of the top of the Wick-tube. Fig. 7 isv an inverted view of the cone, showing the interior and the manner in which the gauze-wire is placed round the slot.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several gures.

This invention relates to an improvement in lamps for vburning coal-oils and other substances that are rich in carbon, and which require a considerable amount of oxygen to support a proper combustion for illuminating purposes, either with or without a chimney.

The object of the invention is to adapt a lamp for burning equally Well all the different substances above named, however much theymay vary as regards the proportion of carbon they possess, either with or without a chimney, so that it can be carried around without liability of going out, and while stationary still to produce a beautiful light, resembling gas-1ight`.` This object is attained by applying a similarly-constructed cone to the burner as the one used in my patent of August 3, 1858, except its being higher, and using in connection therewith one or more peculiarly-constructed impingers, formed so as to bring a greater quantity of cold airin contact with the wick-tube than could otherwise be supplied, as it rises to the slot in the cone,

thereby keeping the Wick-tube cool and promoting capillary attraction, the top of the wick-tube being concave in the corners for the purpose of spreading the iiame.

To enable' those skilled .in the art to fully understand and construct my invention, I will proceed to describe it.

A represents the body of my burner, which is tted on the bottom of a lamp of the Ordinary form. This body is constructed of sheet metal, any of the ordinary materials being used, and is of a cylindrical form, be-` y ing somewhat longer than that of myvParagon burner.

B is the wick-tube, which is of oblong form to receive what is generally known as the dat wick. This wick-tube, instead of being even on the top, as usual, is filed -out at the corners in a concave form, so as to spread the flame, which is 'plainlyshown at g in Figs. 4 and 6. Without the corners of the wicktube being concave a broad flame cannot be obtained from a burner of this description. Any other construction will prevent the air from striking the blaze, and also render the burner liable to throw off a disagreeable odor, which this arrangement prevents.

Gis the cone, which is of a different construction and higher than the cones used in ordinary coal-oil lamps. Around the lower part of this cone one or more rows of holes are made, as shown at i in Fig. 1,' for the purpose of keeping the heat from passing down the cone, and also to supply cold air when the chimney is used, in order to keep the chimney cool and help to support combustion. Without these holes or their equivalent this burner will not work either with or without a chimney. .In the upper part of the cone C a slot, J, is made, through which the dame passes, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Around this slot, in

Vthe interior and nearly close to the top of the cone, agauze-wire is placed, as shown at m in Figs. 5 and 7, and at the lower edges of the slot two or more holes are made, as shown at 7c in Figs. 5 and 6. This gauze-wire and the perforations lc, acting in combination, supply fin Fig. 2, or it can be made so as to iitin the a greater quantity of air to the llame than would otherwise be obtained and help to keep the heat from passing down the cone, so that the carbon of the oil is. thereby melted and brought into a state of perfect combustion. rIhey likewise form a guard, which prevents the air from extinguishing the flame when the lamp is carried around.

rlhe wick-tube ranges from about a sixteenth to an eighth of an inch above the lower edge of the slot, as shown at h in Fig. 6. Vithout the peculiar construction of the slot in the cone, it being about three-sixteenths and a half of an inch wide and three-eighths of an inch deep, and the wick-tube being a certain height from the lower edge of the slot, as shown in Fig. 6, it is im possible to produce a perfect combustion, so that the lamp will work either with or Without a chimney.

D is the impinger,whieh is composed of the same material as the body of the burner. rlhis inipinger is formed out of one piece of metal made in a funnel shape, either round or square, and is so constructed that there is space enough for the air to pass all around the wick tube, as shown in Fig. 3. rIwo slits are cut on either side of the impnger, so that pieces can be formed up for adjusting it to the wiektube, as shown at c in Fig. 3. In burning verylight oils two of theseimpingers can be used, as shown in Fig. 4, or one equaling the length of two.

In the lower part of the body A a gauzewire or perforated plate is used, as shown at top, the iinpinger resting on it, as shown in Fig. 3, in which case a row of large perforations is made in the bottom A at fin Fig. 2. The external air passes through these perforations into the bottom A,as indicated by the arrows in Fig. l, and through the gauze-wire or perforated plate L, as shown in Fig. 3, into the interior of the inipinger D, about twothirds of it being there concentrated, thus passing all around the wick-tube and keeping it cool by preventing the heat from forming a vacuum in the tube, and also keeping the heat from passing down the tube and vaporizing the oil. The wick is thus prevented from charring and capillary attraction promoted, so that the flame is fed with oil equally. What air does not enter the impinger passes on its outside into the top of the cone C, where both currents come in contact with the Iiame.

I am aware that impingers have been used for the purpose of concentrating theair to the flame. In that ease, however, the impinger is placed on a level with the top of the tube; but in my invention it is placed below the top of the tube and used for a different purpose, as herein described.

I am also aware that there are lamps to burn coal-oils with or without chimneys; but I am not aware that they burn without charring the wick; and as this kind of a burner does not convert the oil into gas, but burns directly from the wick, it is very important that the wick should be kept from decomposing.

Having thus described my invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect,I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as Variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the main features of my said invention; but

What I consider to be new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination of gauze wire m, as shown in Fig. 7, with holes K, as shown in Figs. l and 5, or their equivalents.

2. The combination of holes K, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, with the gauze-wire or perforated plate L, as shown in Fig. 3, or their equivalents.

3. The combination ofthe impingcr D, with holes K, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, and the gauze-wire or perforated plate L, as shown in Fig. 3, the whole being arranged substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

WM. FULTON.

XVitnesses:

ROBERT MCC. SHEPHERD, lsilAo VAN Nos'rRAND. 

